The Role of Legislation in Managing Diversity on the Workplace Dissertation

The Role of Legislation in Managing Diversity on the Workplace - Dissertation Example Sex DiscriminÐ °tion Ð ct 1975 Ð °nd 1976 The 1975 Ð °nd 1976 Sex DiscriminÐ °tion Ð ct (SDÐ ) is typicÐ °lly thought of Ð °s Ð °n Ð °ct to prevent discriminÐ °tion Ð °gÐ °inst women, but, infÐ °ct, it Ð °pplies equÐ °lly to both sexes. The SDÐ  stÐ °tes thÐ °t it is ‘unlÐ °wful to treÐ °t Ð °nyone, on the grounds of sex, less fÐ °vourÐ °bly thÐ °n Ð ° person of the opposite sex is or would be treÐ °ted in the sÐ °me circumstÐ °nces’. In the lÐ °w cÐ °se JeremiÐ °h V Ministry of Defence there wÐ °s found to be unlÐ °wful discriminÐ °tion becÐ °use only the men hÐ °d to do unpleÐ °sÐ °nt jobs. The Ð °ct covers discriminÐ °tion in different Ð °reÐ °s of life. In employment, it is Ð °gÐ °inst the lÐ °w to discriminÐ °te on the grounds of sex Ð °nd mÐ °ritÐ °l stÐ °tus. This includes recruitment Ð °nd selection, Ð °dvertisement of jobs, Ð °nd Ð °ccess to promotion Ð °nd trÐ °ining fÐ °cilities. The Ð °ct Ð °pplies to both potentiÐ °l Ð °nd present employees. The Ð °ct identifies both direct Ð °nd indirect discriminÐ °tion: Direct discriminÐ °tion – this involves treÐ °ting Ð ° womÐ °n less fÐ °vourÐ °bly thÐ °n Ð ° mÐ °n becÐ °use she is Ð ° womÐ °n, for exÐ °mple for not considering women for Ð ° mÐ °nÐ °gement trÐ °ining course. The test is: †¢ was the treatment less favourable than the treatment which was (or would be) accorded to a person of the opposite sex? and †¢ was the treatment less favourable because of the gender of the person involved? Indirect discriminÐ °tion – this occurs when Ð ° condition is Ð °pplied equÐ °lly to men Ð °nd women but where women hÐ °ve greÐ °ter difficulty in fulfilling thÐ °t condition Ð °nd the condition cÐ °nnot be justified. ... In the lw cse Jeremih V Ministry of Defence there ws found to be unlwful discrimintion becuse only the men hd to do unplesnt jobs. The ct covers discrimintion in different res of life. In employment, it is ginst the lw to discriminte on the grounds of sex nd mritl sttus. This includes recruitment nd selection, dvertisement of jobs, nd ccess to promotion nd trining fcilities. The ct pplies to both potentil nd present employees. The ct identifies both direct nd indirect discrimintion: Direct discrimintion - this involves treting womn less fvourbly thn mn becuse she is womn, for exmple for not considering women for mngement trining course. The test is: - was the treatment less favourable than the treatment which was (or would be) accorded to a person of the opposite sex and - was the treatment less favourable because of the gender of the person involved Indirect discrimintion - this occurs when condition is pplied eqully to men nd women but where women hve greter difficulty in fulfilling tht condition nd the condition cnnot be justified. Indirect sex discrimination occurs where an employer applies a provision, criterion or practice equally to women and men but the provision, criterion or practice: - is such that it would be to the detriment of a considerably larger proportion of women than of men; and - cannot be shown by the employer to be justifiable irrespective of the sex of the person to whom it is applied; and - is to the detriment of the woman in question. For exmple, it ws djudged tht the ge condition pplied in the Civil Service for promotion to the Executive Officer grde resulted in indirect discrimintion. (bbsi, Hollmn, 2004). Individuls over the ge of 28 could not obtin promotion to this grde. This ws djudged to discriminte ginst women s

The Forgotten Genius of Norman Z. McLeod Essay Example for Free

The Forgotten Genius of Norman Z. McLeod Essay â€Å"He was a very nice guy and a fairly good director,† said Groucho Marx of comedy director Norman Z. McLeod, â€Å"but no genius. † Norman Zenos McLeod helmed three of the most popular comedy films of all time and yet his name is practically forgotten nowadays. He is not as famous today as, say, Howard Hawks, Preston Sturges or even Frank Capra. He didn’t win any Oscars, nor is he the subject of any film introspective or intimate biography. Neither is his directorial style discussed in any lengthy review by Roger Ebert or any other reputable authority on film. But McLeod’s name is up there with the other greats of his era and his legacy seemed to have endured in many of his movies. McLeod was born in Grayling, Michigan from a family that had no connections at all to show business. Before he discovered the movies, he spent two years fighting World War I in France as a fighter pilot in the US Army. McLeod became an animator before he even discovered that he could direct in the movies. He learned the comedy trade at the Christie Film Co. , which specialized in comedy shorts. His first full-length film was the 1928 silent film, Taking a Chance. McLeod was working for Paramount when he directed the Marx Brothers in two movies, Monkey Business and Horse Feathers, which today are considered two of the team’s best. Horse Feathers especially show the Marx Brothers at their wackiest and most anarchic. The material for the movie was based on the brothers’ stage act, which means that before it was ever brought to film it was already familiar stuff for its actors. They only had to transfer the action in front of the camera and on celluloid, so to speak. It is not easy to imagine anyone directing the incomparable Marx Brothers on stage and on film but McLeod did and he seemed to have done a very good job at it, too. Critics, however, are somewhat contemptuous of his abilities, calling him a Paramount â€Å"functionary† and â€Å"a specialist comedy director†. Matthew Coniam in his blog â€Å"The Marx Brothers: Council of Britain† said of McLeod: Norman Z. McLeod does not enjoy much of a reputation per se. He reminds me of that line in one of the Sherlock Holmes stories, where the great detective tells Watson: â€Å"Some people, without possessing genius, have a remarkable power of stimulating. † For a comedian’s director like McLeod, praise rarely comes any higher. After all, there’s something innately ludicrous about the notion of anybody actually directing the Marx Brothers or WC Fields. But both acts could make bad films, and certainly did when not properly handled. Meanwhile, Monkey Business, Horse Feathers and It’s a Gift (1933) have no business outside of anybody’s list of the twenty greatest comedies ever made, and all three have Norman McLeods name on the dotted line. What did he have that many of their other directors lacked? He didn’t try to impose his personality to the detriment of theirs and – a rarer gift than you might think – he obviously got all the jokes. (15) McLeod certainly got all the jokes. And one of them was that you don’t attempt to direct a great talent like the Marx Brothers you simply give them enough space to move and allow them to do their own wacky and hilarious stuff without interference. And that’s exactly what McLeod did in Horse Feathers. Horse Feathers makes no more sense than a Saturday Night Live episode. But the movie does revel in anarchy, reams of it, and elevates the non-sequitur as close to an art form as it can get. It is filled with Grouchos special brand of humor (e. g. , â€Å"Why don’t you go home to your wife? I’ll tell you what, I’ll go home to your wife and, outside of the improvement, she’ll never know the difference,†) and features the very popular song â€Å"Everyone Says I Love You†, which was sang in three different versions in the movie by Zeppo, Chico and Groucho. Harpo, of course, hummed a version of it in his ubiquitous harp. For most of the time, McLeod keeps the camera trained on his actors and then gets out of the way. He did manage some well staged moments in the finale, where the boys win the football match by driving a make-shift chariot on the track. Most importantly, McLeod kept the pace from flagging, even during the Zeppo sequences, (Zeppo as usual played the straight man to his brothers) with the result that there’s hardly a wasted moment in the film. The movie is also pure, unadulterated Marx Brothers without influence from anyone. It resembles a wide, open canvass where the figures of Groucho, Chico, Harpo and Zeppo moved in perfect synchrony, alert and pro-active to each other’s movement and dialogue. And McLeod’s ever-present camera never fails to capture this synchrony, nor the twitches in Groucho’s eyebrows when he utters a joke. The Swordfish scene, for example, is a master combination of both action and framing. It is easy for a director to intrude and even improvise on the scene to make it funnier but McLeod’s camera remained unobtrusive throughout, allowing the actors the liberty to shine and the audience full appreciation of the lively action on the screen. The camera never shifted from actor to actor but held steady on all the players, rather like a passive and mute witness even as the scene grew more hilarious by the minute. The style is reminiscent of a Bugs Bunny and Elmer Fudd confrontation scene, which is not surprising given McLeod’s animation background. The director doesn’t interfere with the scene but he instinctively knows when to move back or off as the case may be, which shows he knows the material than he is given credit for. McLeod understands that comedy is a sight gag. If you cut too soon or if you focus on the wrong person, the comedy will fall flat in seconds, which is why Groucho is given the full close-up treatment when he tells the audience they have a choice to leave the theater while Chico does his thing on the piano. McLeod employed the same technique in the pond scene where Groucho sings the third version of the song, â€Å"Everyone Says I Love You†. Any director worth his salt would have given Groucho the whole close-up treatment just to watch his changing expression as he sings to the college widow but McLeod did not, preferring to train his camera between his two players, wholly anticipating the audience’s reaction as the song’s rather racy lyrics is being sung to the diaphanous-gowned and seductively preening presence of the widow on the opposite end of the small canoe. At one point, McLeod’s camera also framed a duck to reinforce the joke then with a sly wink finally settled on a Life Savers candy which Groucho threw at the widow when she fell off the boat into the water. You can almost hear the uproarious laughter the gag must have elicited from the audience. For McLeod, a joke works best when it is supported by visuals caught mid-action by the camera. He employs this kind of visual style in the W. C. Fields movie, It’s a Gift, which he also directed. The story of a henpecked grocer who yearns to own an orange grove in California, W. C. Fields has never been put to better use than in It’s a Gift. The scene where a blind man wielding an unruly cane visits Fields’ store is already a classic. The scene piles visual gag upon visual gag, and ends in an uproarious yet heart pounding sequence of the same blind man crossing a street while police cars, ambulances and a fire truck raced around him on the suddenly busy intersection. Another scene of Fields attempting to sleep on his porch while things and people around him keep him from doing so is an amazing study of both talent and directorial marksmanship. Like his treatment with the Marx Brothers, McLeod didn’t even attempt to reign in the great W. C. Fields but he made sure that same enormous talent is ably supported by an ever increasing mania of visual sights and gags. The scene is priceless in both comic timing and visualization and the movie has often been cited as W. C. Field’s best and funniest picture, undoubtedly one of the greatest, classic comedies ever made. Maybe the reason why McLeod is overlooked by historians and film buffs is the fact that he never wrote any of his materials and his visuals were never fancy but were strictly utilitarian that served the purpose only of the scene at hand. He never experimented with angles or lightings but captured his subjects as they were, making their trademark shenanigans to elicit a laugh. McLeod also worked with the biggest talents and biggest egos in show business. In addition to other classics like It’s a Gift and Monkey Business, McLeod also directed Danny Kaye in the Secret Life of Walter Mitty, the story of another henpecked who escapes the misery of his life by imagining all sorts of exciting identities for himself. Another big talent directed by McLeod is Bob Hope, Mr. Showman himself, whom McLeod directed in The Paleface and Road to Rio. His association with the biggest names in Hollywood of his era could have been a disservice to McLeod. Certainly he knew his talents and he knew comedy and he combined both to perfect effect. But in the end, one doesn’t watch a Norman Z. McLeod movie starring the Marx Brothers or W. C. Fields or Danny Kaye, it was always the top talent first and the director second. In a sense, that was what McLeod did so well, to so totally efface himself that any movie he helmed turned out as a worthy vehicle for the top talent his studio has signed on to. Also, most of his films tapped perfectly into the commercial mood of their times, which is why they were usually popular then and are often forgotten today. Critics also point out that McLeod has very little visual style and seems more competent than inspired. As if his films happened all by themselves and he just happened to be there. He also happened to understand his role in making these movies. For a quiet and self-effacing man like this very unlikely director, that could have been high praise indeed. Work Cited Coniam, Matthew. The Z, incidentally, stands for ‘Zenos’. The Marx Brothers Council of Britain Page 15. 21 May 2009. Blogger. com. http://marxcouncil. blogspot. com/search/label/Norman%20Z. %20McLeod. 3 May 2010.

The Educational Journey Essay -- Learning Schooling Teaching Papers

The Educational Journey Education is a journey through the universe. The universe is enormous and seems to have no end. If a person wants to be truly educated, he or she must spend years in school studying both important and trivial information. The material in the solar system represents the years a student spends in school. The remaining space in the universe is the endless learning one does outside of the classroom. The sun may not be in the center of the universe; however, the sun is the central core of the educational journey. The sun is where the educational journey begins. The elementary school years, kindergarten through fifth grade, are important years for the student. The elementary school grades are the years where a student should get a grasp on the basics in education, the focus being on math and developing literacy. Students are learning how to read write the alphabet, and how to connect sentences to form paragraphs. Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are also being learned by the student during these years. Little time is usually spent on science and history. Recently schools have spent so much emphasis is placed on math and reading because of the California state mandated test the Stanford 9. Other states are in the same position with their own state-mandated tests. Students miss out on other important subjects in the curriculum. Teaching the subjects in the curriculum to a coeducational class may be difficult because boys and girls learn differently. Dave Thomas, who wrote an article, called "The Mind Of Man" argues that boys and girls learn differently point vehemently. He believes girls often have a difficult time in the classroom because the boys do all the talking (121). From person... ...ey. While the experiences may not always be enjoyable, the final outcome usually is. Everyone learns in a different manner, the direct path through the solar system does not work for everyone. People drop out of school everyday, but that does not by any means mean their life is over. As long as a person has goals in life, and they achieve those goals, he or she can be successful. Works Cited Rose, Mike. "Lives on the Boundary." The Presence of Others. Ed. Andrea A. Lunsford And John J. Ruszkiewicz. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2000. 105-119. Spayde, John. "Learning in the Key of Life." The Presence of Others. Ed. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2000. 58-64. Thomas, David. "The Mind of Man." The Presence of Others. Ed. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2000. 120-125. 7

Steve Jobs’ Personality Led to His Success

Steve Jobs was one of the founders of one of the most common technology-based companies today: Apple. With the advancement of computers, the Macintosh computer by Apple arose. More and more advancements in technology led to a series of computers, tablets, phones, and mp3 players made by Apple to become popular. Apple’s advancements in technology made it, in my opinion, one of the most favorable companies when it comes to technology. Jobs success can be attributed to his perseverance, intuition, and personality traits. It wasn’t easy for Jobs.Though a big part of the launch of Macintosh computer, he was let go from Apple due to power struggles. However, twelve years later, Jobs returned to help the company from falling into bankruptcy. He was conscientious about his work. Even though Jobs had been let go, he saw this as an opportunity to return to the work he loved. In this time, Jobs founded Pixar, a successful movie studio that produced animated films. He had also crea ted NeXT computer, which Apple eventually bought out and incorporated into their current systems. Jobs believed the only way to do great work were to do what you loved.Conscientiousness is just one of the big five traits Jobs portrayed. Jobs clearly had to be very open to experience in his career. If Jobs had not been intellectual and imaginative his work might not exist. Had he not thought and pursued his ideas, Apple would not have asked Jobs to return to save the company. They knew he was smart enough to handle the job. Jobs also had to be open-minded to new ideas to help with the advancement of Apple. Their technology was ahead of other companies and is what led to its success, to do this, companies have to be proactive and open to new ideas.Jobs displayed much emotional stability throughout his career. I think you have to have emotional stability to be able to handle such a big company with all the challenges. Jobs stressed always â€Å"being yourself. † He would walk ar ound with dirty feet and would even do odd things around the office to relieve stress. It seemed as Jobs battled with cancer, he rarely slowed down. He used this disease to drive him to pursue his dreams and focus on his efforts. Though Jobs’ wasn’t the most philanthropic man, he still offered a personality of extroversion and agreeableness. I feel his lust to do what he loved, made him amicable.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Private Prisons and Jails Essay

In the United States, prison overcrowding and budget cuts within the criminal justice system have lead to an increase in the need and the development of private prisons and jails. According to Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. (2010), â€Å"A private prison is a place in which individuals are physically confined by a third party that is contracted by a local, state, or federal government agency. Private prison companies typically enter into contractual agreements with local, state, or federal governments that commit prisoners and then pay a per diem or monthly rate for each prisoner confined in the facility† (Private Prisons, para. ). There are several advantages and disadvantages to private prisons and jails, as well as conflict. The government believes that contracting with reputable private firms is one way to cut cost in prisons and eliminate overcrowding. Studies have shown that private prison construction is 24% lower than state built systems (Reed, 2003). Along with cutting cost, a private facility will allow the government to increase housing capacities at a rapid rate. For example in Houston, Texas; a new Immigration and Naturalization Service facility was estimated to cost $26,000 per bed and built in 30 months through government construction (Reed, 2003). A private firm did the job at $14,000 per bed and took less than six months to build (Reed, 2003). With the cost of construction being decreased and time saved, overcrowding was also reduced. Private facilities can offer officials powerful tools to ensure good conduct (Segal, 2001). Private contracts can be a powerful tool against the abuse of authority. An effective performance-based facility will reward private firms for providing the care public officials require, and penalize firms for breaking such contract (Segal, 2001). Private firms can offer states more flexibility in planning and designing (Reed, 2003). A private firm will be forced to make the public’s safety and inmate’s treatment at a high priority to avoid negative attention. Many private prison and jail contracts specify a daily rate of reimbursements per prisoner. The private operator and the state would select a location where, the prison can be expanded if need be. The operation of a private facility could be managed by statutory authority, which is a nongovernmental unit, or public trust, pursuant to a contract with the United States. The statutory Authority could grant housing care and control of a minimum or medium security level prison owned or operated by a contractor (G.  J, 1998). Some disadvantages to privatizing prisons and jails are the deprivation of physical liberties and that the private sector would gain financially. When financial gain becomes the motive for operation the prison, competition begins and the quality of operation and care decreases. When quality decreases problems arise. The focus is lost and decreasing the operations of the prison can increase. With privatizing prisons the risk is run that companies may cut corners, make careless mistakes, and be understaffed. An understaffed prison presents a high risk for the officers as well as inmates and public safety in the event of an escape. One should ask will the private officers receive the same quality of training that government certified guards receive. Privately run prisons and jails will not provide the same quality of accountability in securing the surrounding communities. By privatizing the profit margin compromises public safety. Whether a prison is privately or publicly run one could identify advantages and disadvantages socially and logistically. Some believe by privatizing a prison a decline in new inmates would occur. This belief is based on the fact that private prisons would not offer the luxuries of public prisons. For example, public prisons and jails are governed by regulations to provide quality mental and medical care for the inmates. Inmates in public prisons are afforded a library, college educations, and many other amenities he or she could not afford on his or her own. Therefore many inmates consider public prison a vacation to obtain secured housing during different seasons as well as an opportunity to obtain quality medical care when he or she needs it. Today there are various debates concerning safeguarding a prisoner’s constitutional protected rights, and the states authority to abide by those rights in order to protect the state’s and citizen’s interest. The concern of the prisoner is that they are entitled to rights whether they are convicted offenders or suspected offenders. These rights include due process and everyone accused or found guilty beyond a reasonable doubt has such rights under the constitution of the United States. Contrary to this is the public interest as well as the state and policy makers that must abridge to make their state more efficient to serve public interest. One must understand that people make mistakes and are still held accountable for their actions. Even more so if one commits a crime, such as capital murder, rape, armed robbery, etc. they are breaking state and moral laws. Offenders that commit such crimes are all given due process and are entitled to a fair trial. If an offender found guilty and sentenced to prison, some constitutional rights should not be violated. However, there are rights that must be taken away. The first right taken is their freedom, which means that they will be incarcerated behind bars until their sentence is complete. This is the punishment itself; however, when some rights are taken away by the government then it becomes a violation under the constitutional law. When prisoners are in incarcerated they retain the right to humane treatment and have their basic needs fulfilled, regardless of their crimes. Prisons under state law must provide medical care for offenders, as well as making sure that they are in good health and are getting medical attention. Individuals that are incarcerated also have other rights in prisons that must be met some of these rights include, the right not to be punished cruelly or unusually, the rights to administrative appeals, the right to practice religion freely, the right to medical treatment (both long and short term), and the right to personal property such as: cigarettes, stationary, a watch, cosmetics, and snack food. Medical treatment includes treatment for diseases such as, cancer, HIV, TB, heart problems, high blood pressure, and other medical conditions one may encounter. The United States must obey by these rules to provide medical care, according to Fellner (2010): The first of the eleven principles in the United Nation’s (UN) Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners states: All prisoners shall be treated with the respect due to their inherent dignity and value as human beings. † Respect for the dignity of patients is, of course, also central to medical ethics. For example, the code of ethics of the World Medical Association states that physicians shall be â€Å"dedicated to providing competent medical service†¦ with compassion and respect for human dignity† (para. 5). Throughout the United States prisons and jails carry out their duties in order to have public appeal and serve in favor of the public interest. One must recognize that the states and policy makers must provide protection against prisoners even while they are incarcerated. Although prisoners have rights some are lost in order to maintain order in prisons, discipline, and security. These behaviors include fighting with other inmates, disrespecting correctional officers, and involvement in illegal activity. The state must run an institution that is not only fair but that does not accept inappropriate behavior. Inmates that are convicted have a term to serve and must look at the prison lifestyle as a punishment, thus showing the outside world the consequences when a crime is committed. When an offender is convicted for a felony crime he or she loses rights that we abuse such the right vote and serve in political office. The outcome varies by state. The fact remains that even after an inmate has served his or her time in prison, they will continue to have state and public interest in their way to fall full a normal life as they are labeled with a stigma. The government has the right to protect its citizens from all that may be in the best interest of the people and states. According to Law. Jrank. org (n. d. ): With respect to the states, the Tenth Amendment provides that â€Å"[t]he powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. † In other words, the states retain their â€Å"police power† to enact laws for the health, safety, and welfare of their citizens (Present-Day Relationship between National Government & States, para. ). There are many remedies to the conflict of deriving from private prisons and jails. Remedies depend upon personal opinion and public interest. Politicians for the most part argue that private prisons and jails are an extra expenditure that the governments can do away with. In contrast, a political view may that not having to build new facilities can save money. A civilian employee working within the corrections system may argue that the staff at a private facility may not be trained as efficiently as one trained by the state or county. This can be combated if governments adopt a policy such as that used in the State of Florida. All state corrections officers whether employed at a public or private facility receive the same training at a state accredited correctional training facility, overseen by the Florida Department of Law Enforcement. The conflict of most concern would be the rights of prisoners; How to maintain an orderly correctional facility and not impede on the Constitutional rights of inmates. In all facilities the civil rights of inmates are an issue. It is all too easy to violate the civil rights of an inmate. To remedy this conflict facility administration need to ensure that their staff is aware of the limited rights of inmates as well as the consequences for the violation of those rights. In conclusion, the use of private prisons and jails come with advantages and disadvantages as does anything. The use of such facilities can save governments money. The use of the same such facilities can raise concern. The public safety and the fair treatment of prisoners is the ultimate goal and should be considered at all costs.

Milton Obote

Milton Obote Apollo Milton Obote (some say Milton Apollo Obote) was the 2nd and 4th President of Uganda. He first came to power in 1962 but was ousted by Idi Amin in 1971. Nine years later, Amin was overthrown, and Obote came back to power for five more years before he was ousted again. Obote has largely been overshadowed by â€Å"The Butcher† Idi Amin in the Western media, but Obote was also accused of widespread human rights abuses and the deaths attributed to his governments are greater than those of Amin. Who was he, how was he able to come back into power, and why is he forgotten in favor of Amin? Rise to Power Who he was and how he came to power twice are the easier questions to answer. Obote was the son of a minor tribal chief and received some university education at the prestigious Makerere University in Kampala. He then moved to Kenya where he joined the independence movement in the late 1950s. He returned to Uganda and entered the political fray and by 1959 was the leader of a new political party, the Uganda People’s Congress. After independence, Obote aligned with the royalist Bugandan party. (Buganda had been a large kingdom in pre-colonial Uganda that remained in existence under Britain’s policy of indirect rule.)   As a coalition, Obote’s UPC and the royalist Bugandans held a majority of seats in the new parliament, and Obote became the first elected Prime Minister of Uganda after independence. Prime Minister, President When Obote was elected Prime Minister, Uganda was a federalized state. There was also a President of Uganda, but that was a largely ceremonial position, and from 1963 to 1966, it was the Kabaka (or king) of Baganda that held it. In 1966, however, Obote began purging his government and orchestrated a new constitution, passed by the parliament, that did away with both the federalization of Uganda and the Kabaka. Backed by the army, Obote became President and gave himself wide-sweeping powers. When the Kabaka objected, he was forced into exile. The Cold War and the Arab-Israeli War Obote’s Achilles heel was his reliance on the military and his self-proclaimed socialism. Soon after he became President, the West looked askance at Obote who, in the politics of  Cold War  Africa, was seen as a potential ally of the USSR. Meanwhile, many in the West thought that Obote’s military commander, Idi Amin, would be a wonderful ally (or pawn) in Africa. There was also a further complication in the form of Israel, who feared that Obote would upset their support of Sudanese rebels; they too thought Amin would be more amenable to their plans. Obote’s strong-arm tactics within Uganda had also lost him support within the country, and when Amin, aided by foreign backers, launched a coup in January 1971, the West, Israel, and Uganda rejoiced. Tanzanian Exile and Return The rejoicing was short-lived. Within a few years, Idi Amin had become notorious for his human rights abuses and repression. Obote, who was living in exile in Tanzania where he had been welcomed by fellow socialist Julius Nyerere, was a frequent critic of Amin’s regime. In 1979, when Amin invaded the Kagera strip in Tanzania, Nyerere said enough was enough and launched the Kagera War, during which Tanzanian troops pushed Uganda troops out of Kagera, then followed them into Uganda and helped force the overthrow of Amin. Many believed that the subsequent presidential elections were rigged, and as soon as Obote was inaugurated President of Uganda again, he was facing resistance. The most serious resistance came from National Resistance Army led by Yoweri Museveni. The army responded by brutally suppressed the civilian population in the NLA’s stronghold. Human rights groups put the count at between 100,000 and 500,000. In 1986, Museveni seized power, and Obote fled into exile again. He died in Zambia in 2005. Sources: Dowden, Richard. Africa: Altered States, Ordinary Miracles. New York: Public Affairs, 2009. Marshal, Julian. â€Å"Milton Obote,† obituary,  Guardian, 11 October 2005.

MyBurgerLab Essays

MyBurgerLab Essays MyBurgerLab Essay MyBurgerLab Essay They want a burger brand that belongs to Malaysia, therefore they start their first step to start up unbearably. At first, unbearably started tit a very simple objective which is sell a really good, juicy burger on fresh bun. No shortcuts. (unbearably, 2014) Their objective seems simple and normal, but this objective have led a very clear strength to unbearably as they put all their effort, included money, into making a good burger. In unbearably, you will see their special charcoal bun instead of those normal sesame bun that used by others. Other than their own made charcoal bun, patty will be another core element that affect the burger taste. In unbearably, they mainly sell beef burger so they also grind their own beef patty so that they can serve the most fresh beef burger to their customer. Without any realization, people know unbearably most likely is from world-of-mouth instead of advertisement, and this is unbearably another strength in their promotion way. They believe in a good thing is worth for people to share, therefore they didnt put a lot of effort in doing advertising but make sure serve every customer with their best and juicy burger. unbearably may be a good restaurant, but they also have some weakness that will make people feel unsatisfied about them. For a very obvious meekness for them is their operation hours. They only operate from Tuesday to Sunday and when come to worse, they only open their restaurant by evening 5 and only operate until night 10. 15. Their operation hour make people need to queue for get a seat in their restaurant. Other than that, their concentration on making a nice juicy burger also caused a side effect which every customer need to wait at least minutes before their order can reach to their table. As mentioned in their strengths, they did not put a lot of effort in advertisement and this made their brand awareness highly rely on world- f-mouth. unbearably took a lot of opportunity in starting up their business as they start quite early in Malaysia as a gourmet restaurant that mainly sell burger. Other than that, their charcoal burger also a core element that grab a lot of market opportunity as they are the first restaurant that introduced a black burger in Malaysia. Furthermore, they took the opportunity to make unbearably this brand a more community concern brand as they run a food donation drive at their outlet during their first and second year anniversary. Last but not least, unbearably choose to sell chicken burger because they now the demand in the market and they took this opportunity to become a restaurant that sell two types of burger. On the other hand, unbearably have launch a new burger market in Malaysia, so this become other entrepreneurs target in setting up an eatery business. Some threat that unbearably facing is caused by creating such new market and attracted new competitors like Fatsos The Burger Bar. Other than that, their location also quite not strategy as the place is hard to find parking, and the shop itself is quite small that hardly can fit in all customers that want to enjoy their burger.

How To Guess if a Spanish Noun Is Masculine or Feminine

How To Guess if a Spanish Noun Is Masculine or Feminine Although it is seldom possible to predict with certainty whether a given Spanish noun is of masculine or feminine gender, Spanish has numerous guidelines that can usually be followed. Key Takeaways: Spanish Noun Gender Nouns ending in -a, -cià ³n, -à ­a, or -dad are usually feminine.Nouns ending in -o, an accented vowel, -or, or -aje are usually masculine.Names of rivers, lakes, and oceans are usually masculine; names of mountains are usually feminine. The most well-known rule or guideline is that nouns ending in -o are masculine and those ending in -a are feminine, but there are numerous exceptions to this gender rule, especially for those ending in -a. Some of the exceptions are listed below. Following are some other guides to gender determination. Note that many words have definitions in addition to those listed: Feminine Suffixes Nouns ending in certain suffixes are usually feminine. They include -cià ³n (usually the equivalent of -tion), -sià ³n, -à ­a (usually the equivalent of -y, although not in the diminutive sense), -za, -dad (often used like -ty), and -itis (-itis). la nacià ³n (nation)la intervencià ³n (intervention)la hospitalizacià ³n (hospitalization)la ocasià ³n (occasion)la tensià ³n (tension)la economà ­a (economy)la taxonomà ­a (taxonomy)la probreza (poverty)la felicidad (happiness)la caridad (charity)la mastitis (mastitis)la meningitis (meningitis) Masculine Endings Nouns of Greek origin ending in -a, often -ma, are nearly always masculine. Most of these words have English cognates. el problema (problem)el drama (drama)el poema (poem)el tema (subject) Nouns ending in an accented vowel are usually masculine. el sof (sofa)el tabà º (taboo)el rubà ­ (ruby) Nouns with certain other endings are usually masculine. These include -aje (usually the equivalent of -age), -ambre, and -or. An exception is la flor (flower). el coraje (courage)el mensaje (message)el espionaje (espionage)el hambre (hunger)el calambre (cramp)el calor (heat)el dolor (pain)el interior (interior) Masculine Infinitives Infinitives used as nouns are masculine. el fumar (smoking)el cantar (singing)el viajar (traveling) Months and Days Months and days of the week are masculine. el enero (January)el septiembre (September)el martes (Tuesday)el jueves (Thursday) Letters and Numbers Letters are feminine while numbers are masculine. One way to remember this is that letra is feminine while nà ºmero is masculine. la d (d)la o (o)el siete (seven)el ciento (100) Abbreviations and Shortened Words The gender of abbreviations and acronyms typically matches the gender of the main noun of what the shortened version stands for. la ONU (the O stands for Organizacià ³n, which is feminine)los EE.UU. (United States; estados (states) is masculine)las FF.AA. (armed forces; fuerzas is feminine)la NASA (NASA; the word for agency, agencia, is feminine)el FBI (FBI; burà ³, the word for bureau, is masculine) Words that are a shorter form of another word or of a phrase retain the gender of the longer word or of the main noun in the phrase. la moto (motorcycle; the word is a shortened form of la motocicleta)la disco (disco; the word is a shortened form of la discoteca)la foto (photo; the word is a shortened form of la fotografà ­a)la bici (bicycle; the word is a shortened form of la bicicleta)un Toyota (a Toyota. The masculine may be used here as a short form of un coche Toyota, as coche, the word for car, is masculine. However, una Toyota may refer to a Toyota pickup truck, because the common word for pickup is the feminine camioneta.)la Alcatraz (the word for prison, prisià ³n, is feminine) Compound and Two-Word Nouns Compound nouns formed by following a verb with a noun are masculine. el rascacielos (skyscraper)el dragaminas (minesweeper)el guardarropa (clothes closet)el tragamondedas (slot or vending machine) Two-word nouns, which are unusual in Spanish, carry the gender of the first noun. el kilowatt hora (kilowatt-hour)el sitio web (website)el aà ±o luz (light-year)la mujer objeto (sex object)la noticia bomba (bombshell news story) Chemical Elements With the exception of la plata (silver), names of the chemical elements are masculine. el flà ºor (fluorine)el cinc (zinc)el hidrà ³geno (hydrogen) Geographical Names Names of rivers, lakes and oceans are masculine because el rà ­o, el lago and el ocà ©ano, respectively, are masculine. el Danubio (the Danube)el Amazonas (the Amazon)el Titicaca (Titicaca)el Atlntico (the Atlantic) Names of mountains are usually masculine, because el monte (mountain) is masculine. An exception is that the Rockies are usually referred to as las Rocosas or las Montaà ±as Rocosas. los Himalayas (the Himalayas)el Cervino (the Matterhorn)los Andes (the Andes) Names of islands are usually feminine because la isla (island) is feminine. las Canarias (Canary Islands)las Azores (Azores)las Antillas (West Indies) Company Names Names of companies usually are feminine, because la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a (company) is feminine, as are sociedad anà ³nima (corporation), corporacià ³n (corporation), and empresa (business). This rule is not consistently followed, however, and some well-known companies (such as Google) are referred to as either masculine or feminine. la Microsoft (Microsoft)la ExxonMobil (ExxonMobil)la Nestlà © (Nestlà ©) Imported Words The default gender for foreign words adopted into the language is masculine, but a feminine gender is sometimes acquired if theres a reason for doing so. Thus foreign nouns that end in -a sometimes become feminine, as do some words related in meaning to a Spanish feminine word. el marketing (marketing)la web (the Web or World Wide Web; the feminine is usually used because the Spanish words red and teleraà ±a, words for web and network, respectively, are feminine)el internet, la internet (both genders are used)los jeans (jeans)el rock (rock music)el software (software)el show (show)el champà º (shampoo)el bistec (beefsteak)la pizza (pizza)

Motorcycle Clubs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Motorcycle Clubs - Essay Example Although original motorcycle clubs were formed as more of a hobby, current clubs are run like a business. The majority of motorcycle clubs have a president, vice president, treasurer, secretary, sergeant-at-arms and road captain.i The club starts with a mother group and various chapters are established later. It is also run like a business in that members pay dues. Outlaw clubs, especially, are run as a business. Illegal business, but business all the same: "Federal law enforcement agencies, including the FBI and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF), say that outlaw bikers, with over 300 clubs, 5,000 members, and at least 10,000 regular hangers-on, are one of the nation's largest organized criminal networks, after the Mafia and Asian gangs. They are also a business. The feds believe the Hells Angels and the other large outlaw gangs earn up to $1 billion a year worldwide from drug dealing, prostitution, gunrunning, theft, extortion, and murder."ii The person who joins a motorcycle club is looking for a variety of things. Some want more experience riding with a group and the confidence that comes from experience. Others want the camaraderie that comes with belonging to a group. Also, there is safety in numbers and a new rider may feel more secure riding with a large group. Other people join because they want to learn from others: safety tips, techniques, the best routes. Dulaney explains why he joined a motorcycle club: "For me, one of the best unexpected perks of joining a motorcycle club has been and remains the joy of riding with likeminded souls: members of a motorcycle club have at least one thing in common: their love of riding. Everything else, age, gender, race, looks, economic background, etc. disappear under the leathers. You can relax, laugh, talk or simply observe, it's up to you . . . it's your opportunity to be free and to unleash that part of yourself which has been hiding all these years . . .iii So who joins a club depends on their reasons for joining. Men are traditionally known to purchase motorcycles as part of a mid-life crisis. A club may provide a group atmosphere for regaining some of their youth. For some, the reason to join is two-fold: Motorcycle enthusiasts take great pride in their bikes. So many join for the opportunity to show off their bikes while helping a charity at the same time. Origination There are three critical eras involved in the origination of motorcycle clubs. Dulaney explains these as: the pre-formative period between 1901-1944, known as the genesis of social organization around motorcycling; the formative period between 1945-1957, where social and historical events of the post-World War II era coalesced in the formation of outlaw motorcycle clubs; and the trans-formative period from 1958 to present.iv Motorcycle clubs emerged shortly after the origin of motorcycles. The clubs formed to bring together riders for camaraderie and other events. The McCook Outlaws were one of the first long-lasting clubs. The name transformed through the years to the Chicago Outlaws and then the Outlaws Motorcycle Club. Long-distance touring and racing are attributes accredited to

The market entry strategies for a Logistics firm based in Germany Essay

The market entry strategies for a Logistics firm based in Germany - Essay Example Exporting involves marketing and sales of products which are produced domestically but send to other countries for sales. This is a very traditional method which helps in selling and earning revenue of those products which can be produced in adequate amount in the country. As in exporting the goods are produced in the home country, so the investments related to foreign production are not required (Hisrich 198). In case of exporting, most of the expenses are incurred for marketing. Exports are of two types: a) direct export, and b) indirect export. Direct exports works best when the volume of goods to be exported is small. It involves direct sales of goods to other countries without any intermediaries. While in case of indirect export the export takes place through intermediaries. Control over the product does not remain with the exporter (McDonald, Burton, and Dowling 208; Kotabe, and Helsen 299). Advantages 1. The foreign market and the representatives can be chosen. 2. The trademark, goodwill, patent rights can be protected. 3. Rate of sales is higher. Disadvantages 1. The start-up cost is higher and the risk is also higher. 2. Requirement of information is also higher in case of exports. 3. Marketing the products requires longer time. Licensing Licensing agreements developed by the firm allows the foreign firm to either develop or market the product of the company for a specific time period. In this case, the licensor is the home country provides limited resources and rights to the licensee to the host country. These rights include managerial skills, patents, technology or trademarks for making it possible for the host country to manufacture or market the products (Doing Business Internationally 13). The licensor may take onetime payment, royalty payments, or technology fees. Since this is considered as the mode of entry, so the transference of information in between the licensee and the licensor is strong and the decision of developing the license also strongly depends on the government of the home and host country’s governments (Hoskisson 282; Kotabe, and Helsen 301). Advantages 1. Achieve additional revenue for technical knowledge and services. 2. Can be expanded rapidly as not much risks involved. Disadvantages

Natural Gas in Israel Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Natural Gas in Israel - Assignment Example This means that even as it focuses on economic development, Israel must give good attention to its defense and the activities of its neighbors and maintain a robust and well thought out foreign policy. One other challenge that the country has to deal with is pollution. With the development of new industries comes more pollution. The country has taken a raft of measures to ensure that it remains stable and harvest the resource sustainably. It remains to be seen, however, how the country will deal with these challenges. Â  For a long time, the world has known the economic importance of oil and natural gas. Many countries including The United Arab Emirates and Canada are the testimony to the wealth and power that comes with having natural gas and oil as part of a country’s natural resources. Being situated in the Middle East which is associated with massive oil and natural gas reserves, Israel hoped that it too would enjoy the benefits of having oil and natural gas wells ever since its establishment as a modern country. While this was the case, the country’s prospects of discovering natural gas and oil very little promise. Â  Between 1954 and 1969, the officially country began to hunt for natural gas reserves off and onshore as noted by Forman (2013). After more a long period of searching, the Tethys Sea Partnership announced that it had discovered natural gas in the Noa field. The discovery of the Mari B field after the first discovery was a feat that sparked great interest in Israel’s coast. The year 2005 saw Israel sign a contract with Egypt for the supply of 40 percent of its yearly demand (Forman 2013). The Tamar, Dalit 1, and Levithian reserves were discovered between 2009 and 2012 marks a major breakthrough for the small country (Forman 2013). For the first time in the history of Israel, natural gas from the Tamar reserve flowed in 2013 marking another major breakthrough in the country’s history. Â  

Skyfall Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Skyfall - Essay Example A good film will undergo multiple scripting and deliberations on the most effective elements that are likely to make it a classic piece. From the graphics, the scenes, the background setting, color, soundtrack and lighting, are examples of decisions that the production has to decide on befor5e the movie can be cast. In short, the team does not wake up one day and go to the field to shoot a movie. Common decisions they have to make include the cinematic and theoretical elements of the movie. In differentiating between these two elements, this paper will analyse the film â€Å"Skyfall† that features James Bond, Javier Silva, Gareth Mallory, Eve, Severine, Q, Tanner, Patrice, Kincade and M. From the filming of the â€Å"Skyfall†, the director portrays a series of cinematic and theoretical episodes, making the audience get the feeling of watching a film that still can be referred to as a play. The film begins with a cinematic element in a chase where Patrice an agent of Sil va is in a hot pursuit from Bond. This takes place after a raid of the M16 offices and crucial information is stolen. However, Bond is shot by Eve his colleague and falls into a river. This dramatic turn of events is prompts others to think that Bond died from the shot. Theatrically, the movie portrays various characters that are in the cast, with unveiling of undercover agents deployed by the NATO in dangerous places. However, the setting is yet again replaced by a cinematic setting where Bond re-emerges from a beach, safe and ready to keep on with his mission (Wilson, 2012). Bond picks up with his mission of tracking Patrice and retrieving the hard disc containing information about the secret agents operations. From the trip to Shanghai to casinos in Macau, he desperately searches for the accomplice. This search and the various encounters of Bond with agents working for Silva, both Cinematic and Theatrical elements are portrayed. When Patrice and Bond start a fight after the killi ng of M16 agents, music is played all the way to the moment when Bond overcomes Patrice who falls of from the storied building. The music does not only make the scene interesting but also creates a cinematic element. After a long search of Patrice, Bond finds him at a casino in Macau. The two rivals start yet another fight in which music is played as they engage in a heated fight that is a measure of strength and wits. Music is also played all through this scene in order to pass time. The scene would have appeared boring as little was said by the two. Therefore, to keep the viewer engaged and as a way of killing time, music was played (Wilson, 2012). In the fight between Bond and Patrice at the casino in Macau, a cinematic scene is created when the two face off each other in presence of animals. The appeal of this to the audience is interesting and captivating too. To win the hearts of the audience, the directors make the Bond character strong and therefore this entices them to stay by his side as he hunts and kills the bad people. This is too cinematic. On the other hand, a few scenes from the film portray the theatrical part of a film. In Macau where Bond tracks Silva, Bond gets into a fight with agents of Silva. He fights them, killing all of them. Although this reveals him as a strong character, his ability to do so single handed is questionable by the

Application of leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Application of leadership - Essay Example This depends on various factors and also influences his level of success. There are many theories of leadership described in management studies. These theories help in differentiating a leader from a non-leader. Some of those theories are behavioral theory, trait and many other contemporary theories. The objective of this assignment is to help in understanding various leadership theories and use the same to analyze the leaders. A leader would be chosen and analyzed using the leadership theories, which would be in both follower and leader perspectives. The followers’ perspectives will include transformational, transactional and situational theories whereas for leaders, the chosen perspectives will be skills, style, personality and physical characteristics. Additionally, discussion will also be done on what effort the leader needs to make in order to improve his leadership skills or style, also effective leadership’s positive impact on organization and

Skyfall Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Skyfall - Essay Example A good film will undergo multiple scripting and deliberations on the most effective elements that are likely to make it a classic piece. From the graphics, the scenes, the background setting, color, soundtrack and lighting, are examples of decisions that the production has to decide on befor5e the movie can be cast. In short, the team does not wake up one day and go to the field to shoot a movie. Common decisions they have to make include the cinematic and theoretical elements of the movie. In differentiating between these two elements, this paper will analyse the film â€Å"Skyfall† that features James Bond, Javier Silva, Gareth Mallory, Eve, Severine, Q, Tanner, Patrice, Kincade and M. From the filming of the â€Å"Skyfall†, the director portrays a series of cinematic and theoretical episodes, making the audience get the feeling of watching a film that still can be referred to as a play. The film begins with a cinematic element in a chase where Patrice an agent of Sil va is in a hot pursuit from Bond. This takes place after a raid of the M16 offices and crucial information is stolen. However, Bond is shot by Eve his colleague and falls into a river. This dramatic turn of events is prompts others to think that Bond died from the shot. Theatrically, the movie portrays various characters that are in the cast, with unveiling of undercover agents deployed by the NATO in dangerous places. However, the setting is yet again replaced by a cinematic setting where Bond re-emerges from a beach, safe and ready to keep on with his mission (Wilson, 2012). Bond picks up with his mission of tracking Patrice and retrieving the hard disc containing information about the secret agents operations. From the trip to Shanghai to casinos in Macau, he desperately searches for the accomplice. This search and the various encounters of Bond with agents working for Silva, both Cinematic and Theatrical elements are portrayed. When Patrice and Bond start a fight after the killi ng of M16 agents, music is played all the way to the moment when Bond overcomes Patrice who falls of from the storied building. The music does not only make the scene interesting but also creates a cinematic element. After a long search of Patrice, Bond finds him at a casino in Macau. The two rivals start yet another fight in which music is played as they engage in a heated fight that is a measure of strength and wits. Music is also played all through this scene in order to pass time. The scene would have appeared boring as little was said by the two. Therefore, to keep the viewer engaged and as a way of killing time, music was played (Wilson, 2012). In the fight between Bond and Patrice at the casino in Macau, a cinematic scene is created when the two face off each other in presence of animals. The appeal of this to the audience is interesting and captivating too. To win the hearts of the audience, the directors make the Bond character strong and therefore this entices them to stay by his side as he hunts and kills the bad people. This is too cinematic. On the other hand, a few scenes from the film portray the theatrical part of a film. In Macau where Bond tracks Silva, Bond gets into a fight with agents of Silva. He fights them, killing all of them. Although this reveals him as a strong character, his ability to do so single handed is questionable by the

How effective is the United Nations in global governance Essay

How effective is the United Nations in global governance - Essay Example To achieve this goal, this paper has been divided in to nine sections. The paper will be initiated with the background of the UN, its aims and principles. It will be followed by its major involvement in international security and peace projects post cold war, and its failures in Rwanda projects, its silence post 9/11 and other major events. The research has been conducted by referring to many prominent books and reliable websites, journals that offers authentic reports and information regarding UN. About United Nation As Higgins(Higgins, R) mentions in his report ‘Peace and Security, achievements and failures’ that it is impossible to understand or analyze the effective measures of the UN without knowing what initial measures were intended by this organization. What were the challenges that it has faced since decades. After the Second World War, 51 countries were joined together to form an international organization in the year 1945. It was aimed that the formation of th is organization will help maintain a healthy and friendly relationship between nations worldwide, to maintain international peace, security and to promote social progress. It also focused on improving the living standards and human rights too (â€Å"The UN in Brief†). President of United States of America, Franklin D. Roosevelt gave the name UNITED NATION and it was declared on 1st of January 1945, when countries were engaged in World War 2 (â€Å"The UN in Brief†). Before the establishment of United Nation, several attempts were made by many countries to organize special bodies for similar causes.Then formally, on a larger scale the UN organization was established on 24th of October 1945 and each year, this day is celebrated as United Nations day globally (â€Å"The UN in Brief†). IT consists of 192 members and when General Assembly is conducted, the members meet and discuss global issues together (â€Å"Introduction to the United Nations†). As per this document, the aims and principles of United Nations are mentioned below (â€Å"Introduction to the United Nations†). Aims of United Nation 1. To maintain peace among nations globally 2. Encouraging and developing friendly relations among countries 3. To make efforts in improving the quality of education and eradicating illiteracy 4. To stop the destruction of environment, gender equality and diseases 5. To provide help, rights, respect , security and freedom for all nations 6. To provide aid and support to developing nations to achieve their respective goals Principles of United Nations 1. All the member states should acquire the sovereign equality 2. The charter (fundamental treaty of the UN) must be followed and obeyed by every member states 3. Any differences between nations should be solved in a peaceful manner 4. Every country should avoid using force and must not threaten other nations in using the force 5. Every country should make efforts in assisting United Nations T he Main Organs of United Nations According to the official website of United Nations, there are five main organs of this organization (â€Å"The UN in Brief†). They are- 1. The General Assembly 2. The Security council 3. The Economic and social Council 4. The Trusteeship Council 5. Secretariat and 6. International Court of Justice Fig 1.2- A diagram will project a clear understanding of the main organs of UN (â€Å"

A View from the Bridge Essay Example for Free

A View from the Bridge Essay In the scene it shows that he enjoys drinking (which is usual for a man in this time period), it also tells the audience that he is trying to drown his sorrow and that he likes Catherine which he is stressed about because he is afraid that Rodolpho would take her away from him. Marco is strong but silent unlike Eddie who thinks that you need to show off your strength to prove how manlike you are. This is shown to the audience through the scene where Eddie hits Rodolpho during the boxing match. Marco is more like Eddie than he is like Rodolpho, i. e. Eddie and Marco is both driven by their beliefs and protective of their family. The most important thing to Marco is his family back in Scilly; he has come all the way from there to America only because he cant earn enough money to support his children. Honour is also very important to Marco, which is way he kills Eddie in the end for telling on him to the immigration bureau. All these things about Marco are demonstrated to the audience by the way he works and the fight between him and Eddie at the end of the play. Marco and Eddie are similar in many ways, they are protective of their family, they stand up to what they believe in and they both want respect but in different ways. Marco wants his respect because Eddie told the immigration of his presence but Eddie wants his respect in front of the neighbourhood (because Marco took his good name). He also wants respect from his family because he thinks that being the man of the house you must have respect from everyone. Physical strength to Marco is not to show how manly you are but to Eddie he thinks its a way of telling people how tough and manly he is, so he challenges Rodolpho to a boxing match and hits him. Marco then shows him what strength is for, Here. He kneels, grasps, and with strain slowly raises the chair higher and higher, getting to his feet now. Rodolpho and Catherine have stopped dancing as Marco raises the chair over his head. This scene shows us that Marco is protective of his brother and physically stronger than Eddie. Rodolpho is a totally different man to Eddie and Marco. He can sing, make dresses, cooks and is very talented. Eddie and Marco both has plans for their future but Rodolpho just likes to dreams of becoming an American citizen, owning a motor bike and going to Broadway to sing and dance. Eddie is made uneasy by all the cooking and singing because at the time this wasnt what a man would do and it would be left for a woman. Catherine likes Rodolpho because she is naive and hasnt been allowed out of the house, whereas Rodolpho has came all the way from Scilly and he is different to Eddie which is the only man she has known is here entire life. Once we went to Yugoslavia. These are the reasons why Catherine is seduced by Rodolpho and the fact that he respects her makes him even more attractive to her. I think that the characters are very believable as men because in the 50s Eddie and Marco was the type of man you would find everywhere, but Rodolpho is a little less believable as a man because in the 50s this is not what a man would do (singing, dancing, cooking etc) and was considered as a womans. Catherine likes Eddie but only because he has brought her up and looked after her, because of this she feels that she must be responsible and stay by his side and obey his commands. While she likes Rodolpho because he is young attractive, different from Eddie and has travelled far and wide around the world, where she has only stayed in Brooklyn for her whole life. Masculinity is important to the play because if any characters behaviours where different then the play would have changed dramatically. E. g. if Eddie didnt love Catherine, then he wouldnt have told the immigration bureau about the two Sicilian brothers and if this never happened, Marco wouldnt have needed to seek revenge. In the end the real man is probably Eddie because he died for what he believed in but Marco could be considered as the real man because he too stood up to what be believed in and killed Eddie and also protected his brother when Eddie hit him. In the end, I think that the audience comes out thinking that Eddie and Marco are the real man, this is probably because that they both stood up to their beliefs and Eddie even died for what he believed in. Although people may think that Marco was wrong for killing Eddie, all he was doing was following his Sicilian unwritten code of honours. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Theories of Workplace Motivation

Theories of Workplace Motivation Crystal Mullen I find myself interested in the concept of motivation. What is that motivates people get up and do an honest day’s work versus wasting that same day lying in bed watching the Lifetime Movie Channel? Why is one person motivated simply to make a paycheck while someone else is driven to take charge of their own business? As it turns, out, scientists and psychologists have been asking these same type of questions regarding for centuries. As a result we have received many theories from different scientific, psychological perspectives that offer explanations for where our motivation originates and even suggestions on how to how to increase it. Understanding four of the most common motivation theories can be especially useful as it pertains to the workplace (Anderson, 2014). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs One of the most well-known motivational theories came from Abraham Maslow. Maslow created a theory that suggested that humans are motivated by a hierarchy of needs that leads them to take actions in a particular order based on that person’s need for survival. Furthermore Maslow’s theory purposed that human beings must fulfill their needs in a lower category before attempting to fulfill needs in a higher category. Maslow’s order of needs are: physiological, safety, love and affection, esteem and self-actualization (which involves clarity or an achievement of personal goals) (Anderson, 2014). If I were to identify any of Maslow’s five needs, in the work place, I would need to see what it is that is motivating a person’s actions. For example, a worker is only motivated by physiological and safety when they are worker is motivated simply by a need for a paycheck, and a means to keep a roof over their head and gas in their car. Furthermore, I can tell if a worker is motivated by love and affection, esteem, and self-actualization if they derive more joy and fulfillment from all aspects of their work-life on, whether it would be making their work deadlines to taking parting in a company-wide community project. (An eHow Contributor, 2014). The Two-Factor Theory Frederick Herzberg’s created a two-factor theory that can explain workplace motivational tendencies. According to Herzberg, the two consistent factors that play into workplace motivation, are hygiene and motivators. Hygiene involves factors that are needed it remain present and active in order to ensure workplace satisfaction. These factors include a fair paycheck, a stable work environment, and even a level of supervision. Motivators involve factors, that if present, increases workplace satisfaction but does not diminish workplace satisfaction levels if absent. Examples of motivators include recognition of abilities, a sense of personal achievement, or even the overall nature of their job (Anderson, 2014). If I were to observe Herzberg’s Two-Factor theory, I would need to determine if a worker’s actions are motivated by either the fulfillment of his or her needs or by the avoidance of undesirable factors. Under the two-factor theory, if a worker is striving for positive rewards, such as a pay raise, he or she may be motivated by motivators. However, if that same worker is motivated by avoiding avoid negative feedback, such as a being written up in his or her review, then that person is motivated by hygiene (An eHow Contributor, 2014). McClelland’s Theory of Needs David McClelland’s developed a motivational theory of needs that although similar to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs but instead suggests that an individual’s needs are usually shaped by his or her life experiences over a period of time. McClelland’s motivational theory lists three different types of motivation styles: high achievement needs, affiliation needs, and a need for power. People who are motivated by high achievement are driven to excel at everything they attempt and seem to enjoy high-risk situations. Individuals motivated by a need for high achievers would serve an organization best being given challenging projects that have clear goals and are given constant feedback. Workers who are motivated by a need affiliation are most content in harmonious workplace environments that provide amiable relationships with their superiors and coworkers. These individuals work best in teams or groups that are supportive of each other. Finally, workers who are moti vated by a need for power excel when they are able to direct and organize others for either their own personal goals or for their company. Individuals who are motived by a need for power are best suited for management positions (Anderson, 2014). Expectancy Theory Victor Vrom’s motivational theory actually uses Herzberg’s two-factor theory to challenge the various workplace hygiene factors that do not always result in employee satisfaction and increased productivity. These employees however, will only increase their productivity if they believe their service is directly related to them achieving their own goals. Furthermore, contrary to Herzberg’s theory, Vrom’s motivational theory, suggests that motivators are completely essential to a worker’s increased productivity (Anderson, 2014). Identifying Vrom’s expectancy theory a worker’s actions and motivations happens to be the trickiest of the four motivational theories listed. For example, a worker who is motivated by a need for promotion in her workplace may actually be motivated not for the benefit of the company he or she works for but for his or her own personal desire to buy a new car or home. In fact, in some cases, a worker’s personal goals may actually result in lower productivity rather than instead of higher. For example, if a worker, is motivated by the need for less time, then at work and more time at home, he or she may decline career advancement opportunities in order to maintain a position with less responsibility. (An eHow Contributor, 2014). Conclusion Based on what I’ve read, I can see how all four of these motivational theories can be useful in the workplace. I can see how I’ve used Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs were in place when I took that second job at McDonald’s just to make sure I had enough money for rent. This would suggest I was motivated by physiological and safety needs. I’ve also noticed my own motivation to sharply decline at a job if Herzberg’s two-factor theory if I’m working in a volatile workplace environment. This suggests that they company’s hygiene factors are low and hampers job satisfaction. Furthermore, I can understand now why I do enjoy working in a group of supportive co-workers. Based on McClelland’s theory, this motivation speaks to my need for affiliation. Finally, based on Vrom’s theory of expectancy, I can identify with the individual’s personal goals actually decreasing their desire to advance within the company. I have also had my desire to for more time with my studies to keep me away from taking more overtime or working Saturdays. Therefore, motivational theories can be very instrumental to recruiting and maintaining the best people in any organization. References: An eHow Contributor. (2014). How to Identify the Four Theories of Work Motivation. Retrieved May 17, 2014, from eHow.com: http://www.ehow.com/how_5002492_identify-four-theories-work-motivation.html Anderson, E. (2014). Four Main Theories of Motivation. Retrieved May 17, 2014, from eHow.com: http://www.ehow.com/list_6737018_four-main-theories-motivation.html

Can I See Your ID? :: essays research papers

Can I See Your ID? The introduction of young people to beverage alcohol varies considerably in different cultural settings. In many societies, the age at which the purchase and public consumption of beverage alcohol becomes legal is also the age at which other "adult" rights and responsibilities are bestowed. What is neither clear nor consistent is the age at which this should occur. Communities recognize the capacity for alcohol to be abused, particularly by young and inexperienced college students. The imposition of a legal drinking age limit is one aspect of a society's desire to reduce the potential for harms associated with inappropriate drinking patterns. Believe it or not, students who are under 21 do drink. Every weekend, students armed with fake IDs go out to intoxicate their worries away while at the same time attempting to avoid the dreaded Minor In Possession tickets and the Department of Public Safety. Tougher punishments and regulations seem to have little effect on the number o f people who are willing to risk legal ramifications for a drink. The government can help ease the fruitless struggle between students and University officials by lowering the lawful drinking age to 18. At the ripe age of 18, you must enlist to Selective Service. This, meaning that you must tell the government that you are a man now and that you can fight for the country you live in if needed. Seeing how I can go die for my country at the green age of 18; I feel that I should be able to have a drink when I want to. It may seem unfair to many observers to allow 18-20 year olds to marry, to have children, to own cars, homes and firearms and to be financially and socially independent, and yet to be legally prohibited from drinking a glass of wine in a restaurant, or even a glass of champagne at their own wedding. Current laws regarding underage drinking do not make sense. In 1984, Congress enacted the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to enforce a drinking age of 21 or risk losing some federal highway funds (Engs). The act was originally established to prevent inexperienced drivers from crossing state lines to drink legally and driving back drunk to their home st ates (Engs). However, the genius behind the minimum age act does not apply to the University. Most students do not have cars on campus and those that do are often over 21.

Solar Spirit

Solar spirit generate need to be monitored for optimal power production. This helps restore potent power product from power plan while monitoring for Ba heliac panels, connections, and cully accumulated on table lowering product and other such issues touching heliacal act. So here we intend an machine-driven IOT supported heliacal dominion oversee system that sanction for machine-driven heliacal government monitoring from anywhere over the internet. We use arduino based system to monitor a 10Watt heliacal compartment parameters. Our system constantly monitors the solar panel and transmits the divinity output to IOT system over the internet. Here we necessity IOT Gecko to transmit heliacal government parameters over the internet to IOT Gecko salver. It now exhibition these parameters to the use using an energetic GUI and also alerts use when the production sink below limited confine. This occasion remotely Monitoring of solar plants very smooth and ensures best influence output.Key words-Mppt, IOT, PV panel, ArduinoINTRODUCTION Solar efficiency harvesters are becoming constitutional in abode and buildings to provide true help for our clime, healthfulness and savingness. It together with other renewable origin will soon antiquate the traditionary fossil energy to become a column for endurable development. The divinity reward by heliac dress, however, depends upon variable constituent such as weather conditions, photovoltaic (PV) table, and Life conversion that need expanded and unbroken investigations to increase its potential. To this goal, a number of meditation have been conducted worn either electromechanical fixtures or taylor-make electronic revolution [1].IoTs notion connects both living and the no-living stuff via locally or internet connected devices that collect a populace of data [1]. With the emergence of IoTs concept, there stir a option of scheming devices that utilize the IoTs based backbone conference to connect the sylvan to the cloud for aqiqiy time and recurring supervise. However, these devices have to function under the forest pavilion with a hindrance factor in conditions of power.In the assistant administration, electronic surround designate greatest power characteristic trackers (MPPT) are designed to drive the PV fountain operated at the greatest might point (MPP) under different environmental conditions. Those circuits are really dc-dc converters furnish the correct amount of current so that the charge is always supplied with the limit option divinity generated. In [9], the Perturb and Observe (P&O) technique was designed. This technique bases on the operating voltage of PV dispose and the power they attract to tune the management of the at work(predicate) voltage disturbance. Though being low-cost and simple to accomplish, the P&O technique source the operating characteristic to sway around the MPP at stable state giving proceed to a waste of energy. This question is mitigated in [10] by an adaptable P&O algorithmic rule that concord the perturbation breadth to the certain operating condition. In another work, the incremental conductance algorithmic rule was intend to converse with incompletely shaded conditions (PSC)[11].It uses the variations of the input voltage and current to detect the event of PSC. The at work(predicate) instant is then moved from the provincial MPP to broad MPP supported on a appoint lineal duty. Tey and Mekhilef improved this algorithmic rule by inflect the excise cycle of the dc-dc converter to further the MPP preserver [12]. Other plain anear hold Parasitic Capacitance, Voltage supported culminate power vestige (VMPPT), Current supported peak dominion tracking (CMPPT), curly formal logic controller, Neural mesh, and Ripple relation control (RCC) [13], [14], [15], [16]. They, however, have their own limitations that ask further investigation, e.g., fuzzy-supported controllers perform well under varying atmospheric mode, but their efficiency depends on the expert knowledge; VMPP and CMPP trackers are durable to understand the MPP, but the output dominion is influenced by magnetize characteristics, environmental factors (isolation and temperature), and the symbol of tracker interest.ARCHITECTURE AND VISION OF THE IOTThe IoT is a specter that shut up and conquer several technologies at the conflux of power systems, information technology, elixir, nanotechnology and biotechnology. The IoT has been revolve as the latest revolution in the digital technology after the invention of computers and the internet. From the air of electricity network, it convey mayor accomplishments to the smart grid infrastructure propose. Technically, it personate a earth-spacious network of heterogeneous stuff such as dashy devices, quick oppose, sharp sensors, smart actuators, radio commonness identification (RFID) tags and readers, global station systems (GPS) and fixed computers [18]. Such stuff can be extend and exploited in dissimilar medicinal environments to back diversified cyber curative applications such as information collection, information progress, identification, control and movement.RELATED WORKLuigi Ranghetti et al[1] is grant a method to appreciate dynamics of person of standing irrigate (i.e. fractionate of flooded region) in rice fields second-hand MODIS data. First, we produced proud resolution water personality maps from Land sat by outset the Normalized Difference Flood Index (NDFI) made: we made it by comparing five Landsat 8 conception with field-obtained information approximately rice extent condition and water air. Manuel Campos-Taberner, et al[2] is proposed here a Leaf extent demonstrator (LAI) is a key biophysical feature necessity to end foliage protect and riding crop product in environmental studies in system to charged pluck permit. Frequently, swindle tester analyzers (LAI-2000) and digital cameras for hemispherical photography (DHP) are used for indirect forcible sapling region lickpot (PAIe f) estimates. Enrico  Antonio  Chiaradia, et al [3] is proposed here the archetype of an mixed, multisensor system for the unbroken oversee of hydraulic dynamics in rice fields under different irrigation regimes. DongHe,et al[4] is proposed here the ironmongery platform manner wireless microprocessor CC2430 as the ram of the protuberance. The sensor mesh is builted in coincidence with Zigbee wireless transmission agreement. WSN Sample the moisten quality, and mail the data to Internet with the serve of the GPRS DTU which has a built-in TCP/IP procedure. Through the Internet, Remote Data Center gets the real-time water sort data, and then analysis, process and record the data.R.L. Jones et al[5] is proposed here a supercilious spatial compactness and fast answer measurements from low-cost sensory networks may ease this divorce. A purely measurement-based advances to extract implicit soilage open (baselines) from the measurements is presented exploiting the different relative frequencies of local and distemper uncleanness variations. ZuhalCan et al[6] is express compare to on-query and continuous data assembly procedure on several WSN islands with separate dimension and connectivity regarding to data crowd ability. Our resemblance results show that continuous data mass protocols outdo on-demand data congregation procedure in terms of data parturition ratio and latency. Per Gunning berg et al[7] confer a large study on adult QoI metrics for fickle sensory fret and the realization of mobility. Three other mobility scenarios are designed comprehend fickle sensors, liquid droop and movable â€Å"mules† carrying data between sensors. We conclude that mobility both can correct as well as degrade the QoI metrics. We then discuss how QoI can be improve through coordination among omnigenous devices. ZuhalCan et al[6] is express compare to on-query and continuous data assembly procedure on several WSN islands with separate dimension and connectivity regarding to data crowd ability. Our resemblance results show that continuous data mass protocols outdo on-demand data congregation procedure in terms of data parturition ratio and latency.  Per Gunning berg et al[7] confer a large study on adult QoI metrics for fickle sensory fret and the realization of mobility. Three other mobility scenarios are designed comprehend fickle sensors, liquid droop and movable â€Å"mules† carrying data between sensors. We conclude that mobility both can correct as well as degrade the QoI metrics. We then discuss how QoI can be improve through coordination among omnigenous devices.Mingliang Jiang et al[8] grant a wireless country moistness sensory supported on the impedance metamorphose of the frequency domain. The sensor system is sway by heliacal energy, and the data can be instantly transmitted by wireless intercommunication. The sensory electrodes are embedded into the bottom of a nurture slat so that the sensory can measure soil moirà © contents at separate depths.  MuhamadAzmanMiskam et al [9] presents the deployment of a wireless extend-disposition oversee system to a low crop basket. The improved system measures dilute quality parameters, namely, state and dissolved E948, in true-tempo and inflict the data through wireless intercourse to the donee. The receiver is placed bowels a farmhouse.Yufei Wang et al [10] Presents the applications of sensory mesh in piezoelectric power systems are sift and analyzed first. Then, the characteristics of smart grid WSNs are abridge. Threats and security requirements peculiar for wireless sensory mesh used in showy grid systems are personate. Based on these works, reference certainty building was design to direct the deduction and the plan of the shelter solutions of wireless sensory networks in smart grid systems, considering the notice assurance requirements of electric might systems. Haitam M. Laarabi et al[11] In this writing, we have centralized on optimizing the process for management a large greatness of data transmitted via cobweb sockets that use the Transmission Control Protocol. Then we prove the process efficiency through performance and scalability tests. .H. Ding, et al [12]is discourse it was an urgent test for the cheerless of water expedient caused by the old-fashioned irrigation methods. In order to improve the utilization ability of water funds, based on the automaton-like subdue technology and wireless intelligence technology, a prepare of rice irrigation check system with wireless transmission. Chi-Farm Chen et al[13] This ponder improved a logical-supported method to monitor rice salamander and harvesting activities and, accordingly, to map rice ontogeny areas from the MODIS–Landsat fusion data in An Giang Province, Vietnam . Fredrik Haglind et al[14], grant a out-and-out review of the uncovered erudition on solar resolution based fermentation and sway settle. In order to limit the scope of the revisal, only plentifully renewable establish with at least the production of electricity and vehemence/burning water for end usefulness are considered. These include heliac photoelectric and solar thermal based generate with both concentrating and non-concentrating collectors in both solar-only and heliac-lurcher configurations. DeakinFrawley et al[15], In this writing, a small scatter passive electric influence offspiring one was devised for cause electricity from the heat available in the solar pool. The influence generation one proposed manage without the use of a trainer and imply no moving ability. The design of the power generation unit was finalised after performing a comprehensive theoretical study on the possible geometrical arrangements.PROPOSED METHODOLOGYThis dividend demonstrate the whole stuff scheme of the speak system. Also, it coincidence the detail concord of each and every blockhead. The everywhere stuff delineate of the proposed system is as shown in show . This proposed block map continue count of devices goods particular sensors, and the cool data from all devices are harvest at the group administrator of ATMEGA328HARDWARE COMPONENTSThe ironmongery of the system includes microcontroller, Modem, PV Panel, Relay necessarily 12v command supplyIOTInternet of Things (IOT) is a obliging of ne twork technology, which is based on information apprehension equipments such as RFID, infrared sensors, GPS, laser scanners, vapor sensors and so on, can force anything associate the Internet to dealing teaching, according to the protocol, which fetters sensible identification, locality and trail, supervise and management. In intend system we begin stain enumerate technique for monitoring sensor worth on the internet. Cloud reckon condition the access of applications as utilities, over the internet. The cloud estimate diagnostic and development approaches are explicate in. Cloud estimate is a large scale processing one which progress in travel opportunity and it is also a very hill cost technology based on the IP. The application area of IOT includes edifice and asylum automation, smart town project, smart manufacturing of various products, wearables, health anxiety systems and devices, automotive etc.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONOur design proceed has been coded on simulated in network simulator and ameba as shown in profession figures, Fig. proteus result Fig. Proteus resultFig. node communicationCOMPARISON CHARTThe inference similitude of existing and the proposed for the parameters of strength ratio and the tarry ratio were shown in the waveform Fig. comparison on delay Fig. comparison on energy ratioCONC LUSIONThe Internet of Things has a ken in which the internet extends into the true the embracing everyday motive. The IoT permit appearance to be recognition and/or controlled remotely over existent reticulation infrastructure, creating opportunities for pure integration of the purgative earth into electronic computer-supported systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic beneficence in increase to lower human interposition. This technology has many applications like Solar cities, Smart villages, Micro grids and Solar Street lights and so on. As Renewable potency grew at a proportion faster than any other delay in narration during this duration. The talk system refers to the online exhibition of the command experience of heliac energy as a renewable strength. This serve the use to analysis of energy manners. Analysis impingement on the renewable energy treatment and electricity upshot.REFERENCESLuigi Ranghetti, Testing esteem of dilute surface in Italian rice district from MODIS adherent data,?International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geo information  52:284-295  Ã‚ ·Ã‚  June 2016.Manuel Campos-Taberner,Multitemporal Monitoring of Plant Area Index in the Valencia Rice District with PocketLAI, Published 2016 in Remote Sensing.Enrico  Antonio  Chiaradia, An intermingled, multisensor system for the extended monitoring of dilute dynamics in rice fields under dissimilar irrigation regimes ,Environmental Monitoring and AssessmentSeptember 2015.Dong He,The extend disposition track system supported on WSN, 2012 2nd International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet).R.L. Jones, Source attribution of aria impurity by spatial scale divorce worn high spatial compactness plexus of grave suffering gas attribute sensors,in?Atmospheric Environment  2  Ã‚ ·Ã‚  April 2015.ZuhalCan,Smartphone-based data collection from wireless sensor plexus in an townish surrounding, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States, 11 September 2015.Per Gunningberg, Quality-of-instruction sensitive data compilation for mobile sensor networks, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops.Mingliang Jiang, A wireless soil moisture sensory divinity by heliac force, September 8, 2017 IEEE.MuhamadAzmanMiskam,Deployment of wireless water-quality oversee system a t titiserong vagabond crop field, Malaysia, 2013 IEEE 3rd International Conference on System Engineering and Technology.YufeiWang,Study on surety of Wireless Sensor Networks in smart grid, 2010 International Conference on Power System Technology.Haitam M. Laarabi, A scalable communication middleware for real-time data crowd of bad invoice vehicle activities,?in?Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies  ,November 2014.H.thump, Monitoring system of irrigation for paddy fields based on wireless transmission, in?NongyeGongchengXuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering  ,  April 2013.Chi-Fern Chen, A logical-based method for rice track from multitemporal MODIS-Landsat union data,European Journal of Remote Sensing  Ã‚ ·Ã‚  March 2016.Fredrik Haglind, A revise of heliacal energy supported flush and power generation systems,?Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews  ,  January 2017.DeakinFrawley, Passive small-scale voltaic power generati on using thermoelectric cells in solar tank, Energy December 2016.

Compare the way that Charlotte Bronte and John Steinbeck show the theme of friendship Essay

Compare the way that Charlotte Bronte and John Steinbeck show the theme of friendship as shown by Jane Eyre and Helen Burns in â€Å"Jane Eyre† and Lennie Small and George Milton in â€Å"Of Mice and Men† The theme of friendship is so important in both â€Å"Of Mice and Men† and â€Å"Jane Eyre† because it helps the characters to survive emotionally. Friendships are important because they help people socialise which stops them from feeling isolated and lonely. Another reason why friendship is important is because of the mutual trust and reliance. Loyalty is also a very important element of friendship. Jane Eyre is a young girl of ten years old, whose mother and father died when she was very young. No blood relative was around to look after her so she was put into the care of her aunt, Mrs Reed. She falls foul of Mrs Reed and her children and is soon segregated from their company, being accused of † appalling behaviour†. As punishment for this Jane is sent to Lowood institute, for orphaned girls. She soon meets her future best friend, Helen Burns. It was made clear early on in the novel that Jane was segregated from Mrs Reed’s children. An example of this is when Jane hides away to read to her cousin John’s disgust. He becomes cruel and physically abusive towards Jane, her resulting anger and refusal to be ordered around by John results in Jane being wrongfully sent to the â€Å"red room†. The weather in this scene resembles the mood that Jane is in. She becomes terrified of the â€Å"red room† as this room was where her uncle died; Jane soon passes out from the terror of this experience. Jane later admits to being lonely saying † I stood lonely enough†¦but to that feeling of isolation I was accustomed†. It is also evident that George and Lennie are isolated from the way that they and other ranchers constantly play solitaire. One of the many differences between the characters is that Jane Eyre travels alone unlike George and Lennie who are both travel companions. Jane has a very outspoken and bold personality, we learn about this on several occasions like when she stands up to Mrs Reed saying that â€Å"I am not deceitful: if I were, I should say I loved you; but I declare I do not love you†. Jane Eyre soon joins Lowood boarding school for orphaned girls, where she sees how the pupils are treated like robots where they have instructions and orders fired at them by teachers. The pupils have to dress the same, walk at the same pace and are assigned to sit at the same places. Jane and Helen become friends because they are outcasts who haven’t got anyone to socialise with. Jane notices Helen sitting in the playground while everyone else is socialising. She starts up a friendship with Helen because she is curious about Lowood and wants to find out more from a senior girl. We know this from the endless amount of questions that she asks Helen about her time at the school. † Do you come along way from here?† † You must wish to leave Lowood?† † But that teacher Miss Scatcherd, is so cruel to you?† George and Lennie become companions, When Lennie’s aunt Clara asked George to look after Lennie just she died. There relationship is that of a father and son. This is clear when we see George lecturing Lennie over killing both a mouse and a puppy – † That mouse ain’t fresh Lennie besides, you’ve broke it pettin’ it â€Å". Another example of this is the way that Lennie keeps asking George to tell him about what it would be like if they had land – † Now tell how it is with us† Lennie says George replies saying † Were gonna get the jack together and we’re gonna have a little house and a couple of acres an’ a cow and some pigs† Jane and Helens relationship is that of an older and younger sister. Helen passes on advice and words of wisdom to Jane while Jane helps Helen to be more outspoken and less reserved. Helen Burns and Jane Eyre know how to hold a conversation unlike George and Lennie who have to put up with awkward silences throughout the story. Also Helen and Jane are of similar character, much different to George and Lennie who are very different. I say because Lennie has the intelligence of a child where as George is far more advanced. Jane and Helens first conversation; â€Å"Is your book interesting?† â€Å"I like it† â€Å"Who was Naomi Brocklehurst?† â€Å"The lady who built the new part of this house†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"And what are the other teachers called?† â€Å"The one with red cheeks is called Miss Smith†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Of mice and men† is set in Salinas valley, California. This was where John Steinbeck â€Å"was born and which he knew all his life†. Around this time â€Å"The great depression† had kicked into American society. This stemmed from the Wall Street crash in 1929. A lot of the American population had to move around the country due to the shortage of work. These people were often poor and uneducated. Charlotte Bronte first published Jane Eyre under the name of â€Å"Currer Bell† in 1847. Bronte adopted this name because being a writer weren’t seen as correct jobs for women. At the time the book was published England was under â€Å"the industrial reveloution†. Children were often sent out to work at an early age because of their parent’s lack of income. In both â€Å"Jane Eyre† and â€Å"Of Mice and Men† the authors put across the theme of friendship by the way that they portray their characters. Jane and Helen are seen as sisters, isolation has led them to become closer to each other. George and Lennie’s friendship strengthens by the way that Lennie depends on and trusts George completely. They become so close that George is devastated when Lennie’s death separates them. The bad side to the friendship is that if George did go on to lead a life that he has been threatening to lead without Lennie, that Lennie wouldn’t be able to survive because he is completely dependant on George. All the characters share a dream whether it’s George and Lennie’s dream to have their own land or Jane and Helen’s to be free and make their own decisions. John Steinbeck shocks the audience in the last chapter in the way that Lennie dies. It was obvious that Lennie would soon get into trouble; we know that trouble follows Lennie around because of the incidents in â€Å"weed† and the fight with Curley. We learn that the reason George kills Lennie is to save him from being hurt and tortured by the witch hunting mob led by Curley. Lennie’s downfall was how he didn’t know his own strength. Both characters die peacefully; Lennie dies thinking of his dream about feeding rabbits alfalfa on his own land while Helen dies pleased because she has taught Jane everything she knows. Both Charlotte Bronte and John Steinbeck use imagery to represent the friendships between characters. Examples of this is when the weather is wet, misty or dark it means the characters have fallen out or are going through a bad patch. When the weather is warm and sunny it shows the characters are getting along well and are happy. Finally I think the authors want us to reminisce on the friendships between the characters and how we would cope if we were in their shoes.